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Configure High Availability

This section explains how to configure multiple control plane nodes for high availability in a production environment for the KubeSphere cluster. This ensures that the cluster services remain operational even if a single control plane node fails. If your KubeSphere cluster does not require high availability, you can skip this section.

Note
The high availability configuration for KubeSphere is only supported when installing Kubernetes and KubeSphere together. If you are installing KubeSphere on an existing Kubernetes cluster, KubeSphere will utilize the existing high availability configuration of the Kubernetes cluster.

Note

The high availability configuration for KubeSphere is only supported when installing Kubernetes and KubeSphere together. If you are installing KubeSphere on an existing Kubernetes cluster, KubeSphere will utilize the existing high availability configuration of the Kubernetes cluster.

This section explains the following methods for configuring high availability:

Local Load Balancer Configuration: You can install HAProxy on the worker nodes during the KubeSphere installation process using the KubeKey tool. HAProxy will act as a reverse proxy for the control plane nodes, and the Kubernetes components on the worker nodes will connect to the control plane nodes through HAProxy. This method requires additional health check mechanisms and may reduce efficiency compared to other methods, but can be used in scenarios without a dedicated load balancer and with a limited number of servers.
Dedicated Load Balancer: You can use a load balancer provided by your cloud environment as a reverse proxy for the control plane nodes. This method requires deploying the KubeSphere cluster in a cloud environment that offers a dedicated load balancer.
Generic Servers as Load Balancers: You can install Keepalived and HAProxy on Linux servers outside the cluster nodes to act as load balancers. This method requires at least two additional Linux servers.

Local Load Balancer Configuration

To use HAProxy for high availability, you need to configure the following parameters in the installation configuration file config-sample.yaml during the installation of KubeSphere:

spec:
  controlPlaneEndpoint:
    internalLoadbalancer: haproxy
    domain: lb.kubesphere.local
    address: ""
    port: 6443

KubeKey will automatically install HAProxy on the worker nodes and complete the high availability configuration, requiring no additional actions. For more information, please refer to Install Kubernetes and KubeSphere.

Dedicated Load Balancer

To achieve high availability using a dedicated load balancer provided by your cloud environment, you need to perform the following steps within your cloud environment:

Create a load balancer with a minimum of two replicas in your cloud environment.
Configure the load balancer to listen on port 6443 of each control plane node in the KubeSphere cluster.
Obtain the IP address of the load balancer for future use during the installation of KubeSphere.

For specific instructions, please refer to the user guide of your cloud environment or contact your cloud service provider.

Generic Servers as Load Balancers

The following describes how to configure a generic server as a load balancer using Keepalived and HAProxy.

Prerequisites

You need to prepare two Linux servers that belong to the same private network as the cluster nodes as load balancers.
You need to prepare a Virtual IP address (VIP) to serve as the floating IP address for the two load balancer servers. This address should not be used by any other devices or components to avoid address conflicts.

Configure High Availability

Log in to the server that will be used as the load balancer and execute the following command to install HAProxy and Keepalived (the example assumes Ubuntu as the operating system; please replace apt with the corresponding package manager for other operating systems):
apt install keepalived haproxy psmisc -y
Execute the following command to edit the HAProxy configuration file:
vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

Add the following information to the HAProxy configuration file and save the file (replace <IP address> with the private IP addresses of the control plane nodes in the KubeSphere cluster):

global
    log /dev/log  local0 warning
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

   stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

defaults
  log global
  option  httplog
  option  dontlognull
        timeout connect 5000
        timeout client 50000
        timeout server 50000

frontend kube-apiserver
  bind *:6443
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  default_backend kube-apiserver

backend kube-apiserver
    mode tcp
    option tcplog
    option tcp-check
    balance roundrobin
    default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
    server kube-apiserver-1 <IP address>:6443 check
    server kube-apiserver-2 <IP address>:6443 check
    server kube-apiserver-3 <IP address>:6443 check

Execute the following command to restart HAProxy:
systemctl restart haproxy
Execute the following command to set HAProxy to run automatically on startup:
systemctl enable haproxy
Execute the following command to edit the Keepalived configuration file:
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

Add the following information to the Keepalived configuration file and save the file:

global_defs {
  notification_email {
  }
  router_id LVS_DEVEL
  vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
  vrrp_garp_interval 0
  vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
  script "killall -0 haproxy"
  interval 2
  weight 2
}

vrrp_instance haproxy-vip {
  state BACKUP
  priority 100
  interface <NIC>
  virtual_router_id 60
  advert_int 1
  authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass 1111
  }
  unicast_src_ip <source IP address>
  unicast_peer {
    <peer IP address>
  }

  virtual_ipaddress {
    <floating IP address>
  }

  track_script {
    chk_haproxy
  }
}

Replace the following parameters with actual values:

Parameter	Description
<NIC>	The network interface card (NIC) of the current load balancer.
<source IP address>	The IP address of the current load balancer.
<peer IP address>	The IP address of the other load balancer.
<floating IP address>	The virtual IP address used as the floating IP address.

Parameter

Description

<NIC>

The network interface card (NIC) of the current load balancer.

The IP address of the current load balancer.

The IP address of the other load balancer.

The virtual IP address used as the floating IP address.

Execute the following command to restart Keepalived:
systemctl restart keepalived
Execute the following command to set Keepalived to run automatically on startup:
systemctl enable keepalived
Repeat the above steps to install and configure HAProxy and Keepalived on the other load balancer server.
Record the floating IP address for future use during the installation of KubeSphere.

Verify High Availability

ip a s

If the system’s high availability is functioning properly, the configured floating IP address will be displayed in the command output. For example, in the following command output, inet 172.16.0.10/24 scope global secondary eth0 indicates that the floating IP address is bound to the eth0 network interface:

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:9e:27:38:c8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.2/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 73334sec preferred_lft 73334sec
    inet 172.16.0.10/24 scope global secondary eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::510e:f96:98b2:af40/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Execute the following command to simulate a failure on the current load balancer server:
systemctl stop haproxy

Execute the following command again to check the floating IP address:

ip a s

If the system’s high availability is functioning properly, the command output will no longer display the floating IP address, as shown in the following command output:

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:9e:27:38:c8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.2/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 72802sec preferred_lft 72802sec
    inet6 fe80::510e:f96:98b2:af40/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ip a s

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:9e:3f:51:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.3/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 72690sec preferred_lft 72690sec
    inet 172.16.0.10/24 scope global secondary eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::f67c:bd4f:d6d5:1d9b/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Execute the following command on the first load balancer server to restore the running of HAProxy:
systemctl start haproxy

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